Trace Minerals Deficiency Diagnosis in Ruminants

Introduction Trace elements are essential in human and animal’s nutrition. They play a major role in health, immunity and reproduction. The production of milk or meat as well as the housing and management conditions of high-performing animals can generate oxidative stress and health troubles in cattle. Some trace elements and vitamins have an anti-oxidative action and increase immunity. The most important trace elements in cattle are selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), cobalt (Co), molybdene (Mo), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). Co is associated with vitamin B12 synthesis in the rumen, so the assessment of Co deficiency can also be done by measuring vitamin B12 blood concentration. The Mo is particularly known for his antagonist effect on Cu absorption. Regarding Mn and Fe, these two elements are generally not deficient in cattle but often in excess in the feed.